Paddy (Oryza sativa)

CROP MANAGEMENT

Seed management

1. Seed selection methods
2. Seed treatment methods
3. Nursery management

Soil Management

1. Green manuring
2. Green leaf manuring
3. Compost
4. Vermicompost
5. Panchagavya
6. Jiwamrit
7. Amritjal or Amrit pani
8. Dung and urine extract
9. Azolla

Pest management

Preventive measures

1. Seed treatment (against seed borne infections)
2. Neem cake in soil (against soil borne diseases, stem borer etc)
3. Border crops (against sucking pests)
4. Alley ways (against Brown Plant Hopper)
5. Yellow sticky traps (against jassids)
6. Light traps and bonfires (against jassids)
7. Pheromone traps (against Yellow Stem Borer)
8. Bird perches (against some insects)

Curative / reactive measures

1. Neem oil + sand broadcasting (against Brown Plant Hopper)
2. Neem oil / Kerosene + sand broadcast followed by drawing tight rope speedily on crop (for felling leaf eating caterpillars)
3. Neem oil / Kerosene + sand broadcast followed by drawing thorny branches over crop (for felling caterpillars in folded leaves) 
4. 5% Neem seed Kernel Extract (as anti-feedant on leaf eating caterpillars, gundhy bugs, sucking pests; oviposition deterrent)
5. Culling out infested shoots (against Yellow Stem Borer)

Pest and disorders

1. Insects
   1. Yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas)
   2. Paddy hispa (Dicladispa armigera)
   3. Gundhy bug (Leptocirisa varicornis)
   4. Rice Horn caterpillar
   5. Rice skipper (Pelopidas mathias)
   6. Paddy leaf folder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis)
   7. Brown plant hopper (Nilparvata lugens)
   8. Gall midge (Orseola oryzae)
   9. Jassids
   10. Green leaf hopper (Nephotettix virens)
2. Diseases
   1. Rice Tungro Virus (RTV)
   2. Bacterial Leaf Streak (BLS)
   3. Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB)
   4. Blast
3. Nutritional disorders
   1. Nitrogen deficiency
   2. Potassium deficiency
   3. Sulphur deficiency
   4. Zinc deficiency

Natural enemies that you would find in paddy ecosystem

1. variety of spiders
2. preying mantids

Harvesting

Credits

References